Sterilisation

Although in men it can generally be reversed, sterilisation should always be thought of as an irreversible method of contraception. Both partners therefore have to decide that they definitely do not want any more children. Anyone who opts for sterilisation is always given/offered counselling first in case it leads to regret later in life.

Male sterilisation (vasectomy)

This involves a minor operation which takes 10 - 15 minutes and is carried out under a local anaesthetic. The tubes that carry sperm are cut, so that while a man can still ejaculate, there is no sperm present. After the operation, it usually takes a few months for all the sperm to disappear from the semen altogether, so another method of contraception has to be used in the meantime. After 2 negative sperm tests, taken approximately 4 weeks apart, it is then considered to be effective.

Having a vasectomy doesn't alter a man's sexual performance or enjoyment of sex.

How effective is male sterilisation compared to other methods?

Female sterilisation

This is the only permanent method of contraception available to women and if this is something you're seriously considering, you will find that you need to have counselling first, so there are no regrets later in life.   

The operation involves cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes so that the egg cannot travel down to meet sperm.

Sterilisation may be done under either a local or general anaesthetic. Time spent in hospital is between 1 - 3 days. Sterilisation works immediately after the operation. Periods continue as usual but some women may find their periods are heavier.

This is the most permanent method of birth control and should not be considered if you are in any doubt about whether you may want to have children, or more children later. Long acting reversible contraceptive methods such as the IUS (intrauterine system), IUD (intrauterine device, 'copper coil'), injection and implant offer similar efficacy rates to sterilisation but without having to undergo this procedure. They are also reversible should you decide you want children.

How effective is female sterilisation compared to other methods?